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005        20150731114923.0
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245 00 |a Deformation, warming and softening of Greenland's ice by refreezing meltwater |h [electronic resource] |y English.
260        |a [S.l.] : |b Macmillan Publishers Limited, |c 2014-06-15.
490        |a Nature Geoscience.
506        |a Please contact the owning institution for licensing and permissions. It is the user's responsibility to ensure use does not violate any third party rights.
520 3    |a Meltwater beneath the large ice sheets can influence ice flow by lubrication at the base or by softening when meltwater refreezes to form relatively warm ice. Refreezing has produced large basal ice units in East Antarctica. Bubble-free basal ice units also outcrop at the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, but the extent of refreezing and its influence on Greenland’s ice flow dynamics are unknown. Here we demonstrate that refreezing of meltwater produces distinct basal ice units throughout northern Greenland with thicknesses of up to 1,100 m. We compare airborne gravity data with modelled gravity anomalies to show that these basal units are ice. Using radar data we determine the extent of the units, which significantly disrupt the overlying ice sheet stratigraphy. The units consist of refrozen basal water commonly surrounded by heavily deformed meteoric ice derived from snowfall. We map these units along the ice sheet margins where surface melt is the largest source of water, as well as in the interior where basal melting is the only source of water. Beneath Petermann Glacier, basal units coincide with the onset of fast flow and channels in the floating ice tongue. We suggest that refreezing of meltwater and the resulting deformation of the surrounding basal ice warms the Greenland ice sheet, modifying the temperature structure of the ice column and influencing ice flow and grounding line melting.
533        |a Electronic reproduction. |c Florida International University, |d 2015. |f (dpSobek) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software.
650    0 |a Climate Change.
650    0 |a Greenland.
650    0 |a Melwater.
700 1    |a Bell, Robin E..
700 1    |a Tinto, Kirsteen.
700 1    |a Dasi, Indrani.
700 1    |a Wolovick, Michael.
700 1    |a Chu, Winnie.
700 1    |a Creyts, Timothy T..
700 1    |a Frearson, Nicholas.
700 1    |a Abdi, Abdulhakim.
700 1    |a Paden, John D..
830    0 |a dpSobek.
830    0 |a Sea Level Rise.
852        |a dpSobek |c Sea Level Rise
856 40 |u http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI15062164/00001 |y Click here for full text
992 04 |a http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/15/06/21/64/00001/FI15062164_thm.jpg
997        |a Sea Level Rise


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