| 008 |
|
150612n^^^^^^^^xx^||||^o^^^^^|||^u^eng^d |
| 245 |
00 |
|a Radiative forcing and albedo feedback from the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere between 1979 and 2008 |h [electronic resource]. |
| 260 |
|
|a [S.l.] : |b Macmillan Publishers Limited, |c 2011. |
| 490 |
|
|a Nature Geoscience-Letters. |
| 506 |
|
|a Please contact the owning institution for licensing and permissions. It is the user's responsibility to ensure use does not violate any third party rights. |
| 520 |
3 |
|a The extent of snow cover1 and sea ice2 in the Northern
Hemisphere has declined since 1979, coincident with hemispheric
warming and indicative of a positive feedback of
surface reflectivity on climate. This albedo feedback of snow
on land has been quantified from observations at seasonal
timescales3–6, and century-scale feedback has been assessed
using climate models7–10. However, the total impact of the
cryosphere on radiative forcing and albedo feedback has yet to
be determined from measurements. Here we assess the influence
of the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere on Earth’s radiation
budget at the top of the atmosphere—termed cryosphere
radiative forcing—by synthesizing a variety of remote sensing
and field measurements. We estimate mean Northern
Hemisphere forcing at -4:6 to -2:2Wm-2, with a peak in
May of -9:0 [plus or minus]2:7Wm-2. We find that cyrospheric cooling
declined by 0:45Wm-2 from 1979 to 2008, with nearly equal
contributions from changes in land snow cover and sea ice.
On the basis of these observations, we conclude that the
albedo feedback from the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere
falls between 0.3 and 1:1Wm-2 K-1, substantially larger than
comparable estimates obtained from 18 climate models. |
| 533 |
|
|a Electronic reproduction. |c Florida International University, |d 2015. |f (dpSobek) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software. |
| 852 |
|
|a dpSobek |c Sea Level Rise |
| 856 |
40 |
|u http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI15061042/00001 |y Click here for full text |
| 992 |
04 |
|a http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/15/06/10/42/00001/FI15061042_thm.jpg |
