| 008 |
|
150603n^^^^^^^^xx^||||^o^^^^^|||^u^eng^d |
| 245 |
00 |
|a Climate simulations for 1880-2003 with GISS modelE |h [electronic resource]. |
| 260 |
|
|a [S.l.] : |b Springer, |c 2007. |
| 506 |
|
|a Please contact the owning institution for licensing and permissions. It is the user's responsibility to ensure use does not violate any third party rights. |
| 520 |
3 |
|a We carry out climate simulations for 1880–
2003 with GISS modelE driven by ten measured or estimated
climate forcings. An ensemble of climate model
runs is carried out for each forcing acting individually and
for all forcing mechanisms acting together. We compare
side-by-side simulated climate change for each forcing,
all forcings, observations, unforced variability among
model ensemble members, and, if available, observed
variability. Discrepancies between observations and simulations
with all forcings are due to model deficiencies,
inaccurate or incomplete forcings, and imperfect observations.
Although there are notable discrepancies between
model and observations, the fidelity is sufficient to
encourage use of the model for simulations of future
climate change. By using a fixed well-documented model
and accurately defining the 1880–2003 forcings, we aim
to provide a benchmark against which the effect of
improvements in the model, climate forcings, and observations can be tested. Principal model deficiencies include
unrealistically weak tropical El Nino-like variability and a
poor distribution of sea ice, with too much sea ice in the
Northern Hemisphere and too little in the Southern
Hemisphere. Greatest uncertainties in the forcings are the
temporal and spatial variations of anthropogenic aerosols
and their indirect effects on clouds. |
| 533 |
|
|a Electronic reproduction. |c Florida International University, |d 2015. |f (dpSobek) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software. |
| 650 |
|
|a geographic information systems. |
| 852 |
|
|a dpSobek |c Sea Level Rise |
| 856 |
40 |
|u http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI15060330/00001 |y Click here for full text |
| 992 |
04 |
|a http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/15/06/03/30/00001/FI15060330_thm.jpg |
