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|a Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient |h [electronic resource]. |
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|a [S.l.] : |b National Academy of Sciences, |c 2012-05-08. |
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|a Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Volume 109 Number 19. |
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|a Please contact the owning institution for licensing and permissions. It is the user's responsibility to ensure use does not violate any third party rights. |
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|a All human–environment systems adapt to climate and its natural variation. Adaptation to human-induced change in climate has largely
been envisioned as increments of these adaptations intended to avoid disruptions of systems at their current locations. In some places,
for some systems, however, vulnerabilities and risks may be so sizeable that they require transformational rather than incremental
adaptations. Three classes of transformational adaptations are those that are adopted at a much larger scale, that are truly new to a
particular region or resource system, and that transform places and shift locations. We illustrate these with examples drawn from Africa,
Europe, and North America. Two conditions set the stage for transformational adaptation to climate change: large vulnerability in certain
regions, populations, or resource systems; and severe climate change that overwhelms even robust human use systems. However,
anticipatory transformational adaptation may be difficult to implement because of uncertainties about climate change risks and
adaptation benefits, the high costs of transformational actions, and institutional and behavioral actions that tend to maintain existing
resource systems and policies. Implementing transformational adaptation requires effort to initiate it and then to sustain the effort over
time. In initiating transformational adaptation focusing events and multiple stresses are important, combined with local leadership. In
sustaining transformational adaptation, it seems likely that supportive social contexts and the availability of acceptable options and
resources for actions are key enabling factors. Early steps would include incorporating transformation adaptation into risk management
and initiating research to expand the menu of innovative transformational adaptations |
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|a Electronic reproduction. |c Florida International University, |d 2015. |f (dpSobek) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software. |
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|a. |x human beings--effect of climate change on |
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|t Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient |
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|a dpSobek |c Sea Level Rise |
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|u http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI15052558/00001 |y Click here for full text |
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|3 FULL TEXT- Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient |u http://www.pnas.org/content/109/19/7156.abstract |y Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient |
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|a http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/15/05/25/58/00001/FI15052558_thm.jpg |
