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- Permanent Link:
- http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI13042568/00001
Notes
- Summary:
- This report underscores the relationship between natural hazards and conditions of vulnerability, noting a correlation between natural hazards (such as an earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis), socioeconomic conditions (such as poverty), and physical vulnerabilities (such as poor construction, and unstable soil). In this context, vulnerability to a natural phenomenon includes susceptibility to its impacts and difficulty in recovering from that event. The authors note that conditions of vulnerability often result from: 1) improper settlement in areas ill-prepared for living, often facing flood or landslide risks for example; 2) poor construction due to a lack of proper foundation or building materials; and 3) lack of economic conditions necessary to satisfy human needs. Therefore, certain conditions of physical vulnerability are directly tied to socio-economic factors. “Vulnerable by origin” communities are those constructed without the minimal security criteria since their inception, while communities of “progressive vulnerability” are those that have accumulated vulnerabilities over time. It is worth noting that statistics show that disasters in developing countries have steadily increased over the last 50 years. If we treat hazard as a constant, the reason for this steady increase must be related to an equally steady increase in the conditions of vulnerability. Hence, there is a need to address, not only physical vulnerabilities, but also their structural causes. Bearing in mind that in developing countries urbanization usually takes place “informally,” it is critical that communities and their organizations be highly involved in the process of vulnerability mitigation. While disasters are essentially a confluence of human and social phenomena, risks have two main origins: the intrinsic transformative processes of nature (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions) and human activities (such as the construction of dams, and the ill-use of environmental resources). Therefore, studies on environmental impact are important tools for identifying risks prior to development activities. Disaster risk can be reduced if the there is an understanding of the relationship between hazards (the probability of the occurrence of an event) and the vulnerability of exposed elements. With this in mind, structural measures such as the construction of hard infrastructures and interventions to reduce the vulnerability of low-risk elements, as well as non-structural measures such as land use regulations, preventive investments, and emergency management drills, can significantly reduce the negative consequences of an event. ( English )
- Subject:
- General Risk Management ( English )
- Scope and Content:
- BIODATAS p. 1; PRESENTACIÓN p. 3; COMO ENTENDER LOS DESASTRES NATURALES p. 6; PRESENTACIÓN p. 6; ¿QUÉ ES UN FENÓMENO NATURAL? p. 7; ¿QUÉ ES Y CÓMO SE PRODUCE UN DESASTRE NATURAL? p. 7; ¿CUÁNDO UN FENÓMENO NATURAL ES PELIGROSO? p. 8; ¿A QUÉ SE DENOMINA UNA SITUACIÓN VULNERABLE? p. 8; ¿CÓMO PREVENIR LOS DESASTRES? p. 10; LA VULNERABILIDAD GLOBAL p. 11; INTRODUCCIÓN p. 11; PRIMERA PARTE p. 14; SEGUNDA PARTE p. 22; CONCLUSIÓN p. 39; BIBLIOGRAFÍA p. 40; ANEXO : "DEFINICIONES" p. 41; EVALUACIÓN DE LA AMENAZA, LA VULNERABILIDAD Y EL RIESGO p. 45; RESUMEN p. 45; CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS DESASTRES p. 45; EFECTOS DE LOS DESASTRES p. 47; MARCO CONCEPTUAL p. 48; ENFOQUE DE LAS CIENCIAS NATURALES Y SOCIALES p. 50; EVALUACIÓN DE LA AMENAZA p. 51; ANÁLISIS DE LA VULNERABILIDAD p. 53; ESTIMACIÓN DEL RIESGO p. 54; ALCANCE Y RESOLUCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIOS p. 56; RIESGO ACEPTABLE p. 57; PROTECCIÓN E INCERTIDUMBRE p. 58; RESPONSABILIDAD TÉCNICA p. 60; A PROPÓSITO DE LA PLANEACIÓN DEL DESARROLLO p. 61; CONCLUSIONES p. 62; BIBLIOGRAFÍA p. 63;
MANEJO AMBIENTAL Y PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES: DOS TEMAS ASOCIADOS PRIVADO p. 66; RESUMEN p. 66; INTRODUCCIÓN p. 66; IMPACTO AMBIENTAL Y DESASTRE p. 67;
AMENAZAS NATURALES Y ANTRÓPICAS p. 70; LA PREVENCIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA DE LA GESTIÓN p. 71; CONCLUSIONES p. 75; BIBLIOGRAFÍA p. 75; ANEXO I: TERMINOLOGÍA p. 76;
PERSPECTIVAS DE LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE DESASTRES EN MÉXICO p. 82; LA TOTALIDAD DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE EL RIESGO-DESASTRE p. 82; CAMPOS Y SUBCAMPOS DEL ESTUDIO DEL RIESGO-DESASTRE p. 88; CONCLUSIÓN: PERSPECTIVAS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN p. 89;
VULNERABILIDAD Y MITIGACIÓN DE DESASTRES p. 93; AGRADECIMIENTO p. 93; INTRODUCCIÓN p. 93; DESASTRES Y VULNERABILIDAD p. 94; LA MITIGACIÓN COMO UN PROCESO p. 97; CONDICIONES CRÍTICAS PARA LA MITIGACIÓN POPULAR p. 101; CÓMO FACILITAR LA MITIGACIÓN POPULAR p. 106; BIBLIOGRAFÍA p. 109; CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y DESASTRES NATURALES EN AMÉRICA LATINA: UN ENCUENTRO INCONCLUSO p. 111; INTRODUCCIÓN p. 111; PARADIGMAS DOMINANTES SOBRE DESASTRES Y LA MARGINACIÓN DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES p. 112; UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN SOCIAL DE LOS DESASTRES: UN PASO NECESARIO EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y DESASTRE p. 118; DEL CONCEPTO HACIA LA INCORPORACION DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES EN LA PROBLEMÁTICA DE LOS DESASTRES p. 120; OBSERVACIONES FINALES p. 125; BIBLIOGRAFÍA p. 125; ENFOQUES TEÓRICOS PARA EL ESTUDIO HISTÓRICO DE LOS DESASTRES NATURALES p. 128; PRESENTACIÓN p. 128; LOS ENFOQUES TEÓRICOS p. 130;
BIBLIOGRAFÍA p. 134 ( Spanish )
- Citation/Reference:
- Maskrey, A. (1993). Los desastres no son naturales. Red de Estudios Sociales en Prevención de Desastres en América Latina (LA RED).
Record Information
- Source Institution:
- Florida International University
- Rights Management:
- Refer to main document/publisher for use rights.
- Resource Identifier:
- FI13042568
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