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Notes
- Summary:
- This study examines resettlement as a disaster risk reduction (DRR) measure by outlining four case studies from Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LAC): Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Guatemala. The document is composed of seven chapters. The introductory chapter provides information on natural disaster trends globally, and LAC specifically. The second chapter is an overview of resettlement as a potential DRR measure. It defines ‘preventive resettlement’ and discusses its benefits in terms of lessening the human and economic costs of potential hazards. Table 2.1 on page 20 illustrates ‘savings achieved by preventive resettlement vis-à-vis the potential costs of post-disaster reconstruction’. In addition, the chapter presents the two main objectives of the case studies: (i) to study various resettlement experiences, paying attention to the legal and institutional frameworks, the housing solutions, costs of financing, community involvement, and participation by local authorities, and (ii) to derive lessons from them in order to guide resettlement efforts in other countries. The case study chapters (3 through 6) follow a similar structure. Each presents an overview of the country context in terms of population/urbanization trends, socio-natural disasters, and the institutional/political framework for disaster risk management. Then, each chapter examines one specific case: the resettlement of inhabitants of flood-prone Areas (Argentina), a stream canalization program (Brazil), the Nueva Esperanza resettlement program (Colombia), and the Panabaj and Tz’anchaj reconstruction program for tropical storms (Guatemala). The final chapter is a comparative analysis of the four case studies. In Argentina, several flood risk-reduction programs have been conducted since the 1990s in cooperation with the World Bank and the IADB. Argentina’s flood protection program (PPI) generated 5,636 houses in various flood-risk districts across the country, and achieved the active participation of the population. Brazil’s stream canalization program resulted in slum upgrading and substantial improvements in the country’s favelas. Colombia’s resettlement program succeeded in incorporating preventive resettlement into DRR and land-use plans. The tropical storm program in Guatemala resulted in many achievements concerning disaster and emergency response and resettlement. ( English,English,English,, )
- Subject:
- Disaster Risk Reduction
- Scope and Content:
- Abbreviations p. x; Foreword p. xvii; Introduction p. xviii; Chapter 1: Global and Latin America and the Caribbean Natural Disaster Trends. Haris Sanahuja. 1. Global Patterns and Trends in the Occurrence and Impacts of Disasters p. 1; 1.1. The Impacts of Disasters p. 3; 1.2. Differential Distribution of Risk p. 5; 1.3. Intensive and Extensive Risk p. 5; 1.4. A Changing Climate p. 6; 2. Disaster Risk Patterns and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean p. 6; 2.1. Disaster Occurrence p. 7; 2.2. Disaster Impact Trends p. 8; 2.3. Disaster Risk Configuration in the Region p. 9; 2.4. Vulnerability and Risk-driving Factors p. 10; 2.5. Urban Areas and the Construction of Vulnerabilities p. 10; 2.6. Rural Areas and the Construction of Vulnerabilities p. 12; 2.7. Governance and Institutional Vulnerability p. 12; 3. Institutional Frameworks and Strategies for Disaster Risk Reduction p. 13; 3.1. Different Approaches and Tools for Risk Management p. 15;
3.2. Risk Reduction Challenges p. 15; References p. 17; Web Resources p. 18; Chapter 2: Resettlement as a Disaster Risk Reduction Measure: Case Studies. Elena Correa. 1. Preventive Resettlement p. 19; 2. The Benefits of Preventive Resettlement p. 19; 3. Case Studies p. 21;
3.1. Objectives p. 21; 3.2 Scope of the Case Studies p. 22; 3.3 Methodology p. 22; Contents
Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
Chapter 3: Argentina: Response to Recurrent Floods: Assisted Self-Construction Housing Program. Rómulo Pérez, Ignacio Zelmeister. A. Country Context and Disaster Risk Management p. 25; 1. Population and Urbanization p. 25; 2. Regional Disparities p. 26; 3. Socio-natural Disasters p. 26; 4. Disaster Risk Management p. 27; B. Case Study: Resettlement of Inhabitants of Flood-prone Areas p. 30; 1. The Housing Subprogram (Subprograma de Vivienda, SPV) p. 30; 2. Participating Entities p. 31; 3. Assisted Self-construction: The Strategy Selected p. 31;
4. Flood Protection Program (Ppi) p. 32; 5. Outcomes p. 38; 6. Lessons Learned p. 40; 7. External Evaluations p. 41; References p. 42; Chapter 4: Brazil: Changes in the Quality of Life for People in High Risk Areas. Ronaldo Marques, Marilia Scombatti. A. Country Context p. 43;
1. Urbanization and Regional Disparities p. 43; 2. Socio-natural Disasters p. 43; 3. Disaster Risk Management p. 45; B. The City of São Paulo p. 46; 1. Disaster Risk Management p. 46; C. Case Study: Stream Canalization Program Ii p. 48; 1. Objectives p. 48; 2. Components p. 49; 3. Institutional Organization p. 49; 4. Profile of the Population p. 50; 5. Resettlement Alternatives p. 50; 6. Social Management p. 52; 7. Budget and Resettlement Costs p. 53; 8. Outcomes p. 53; 9. Lessons Learned During the Relocation Process p. 54; References p. 57; Chapter 5: Colombia: Nueva Esperanza: A Resettlement Case with Risk Management and Land Use Planning Approach. Narzha Poveda Gómez. A. Country Context p. 59; 1. Population p. 59; 2. Disaster Risk Management p. 60; 3. The National Emergency Relief and Prevention System p. 61; 4. Incorporation of Risk Prevention in Development Planning p. 62; 5. Financing Risk Management p. 62; 6. Resettlement: A Risk Prevention and Reduction Strategy p. 62; B. Capital District of Bogotá p. 63; 1. Population Growth and Settlement Patterns p. 63; 2. Main Hazards p. 64; 3. Risk Management and the Bogotá District Emergency Prevention and Relief System p. 64; C. Case Study: The Nueva Esperanza Resettlement p. 67; 1. Studies to Identify the Risk Reduction Measures p. 67; 2. Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Sustainable Development Plan p. 68; 3. Resettlement Program p. 68; 4. Impacts of Displacement p. 72; 5. Institutional Organization p. 72; 6. Eligibility Criteria and Principles Governing the Resettlement Process p. 73;
7. Stages in the Resettlement Process p. 73; 8. Rehabilitation and Restoration of High-risk Lots p. 78; 9. Post-Resettlement Stage p. 78; 10. Cost p. 79; 11. Main Challenges p. 79; 12. Lessons Learned p. 81; References p. 82; Bibliography p. 83; Chapter 6: Guatemala: The First Tz´utujil City of the Twenty-First Century. Eduardo Aguirre Cantero. A. Country Context and Disaster Risk Management p. 85; 1. Population, Cultural Diversity and Exclusion p. 85; 2. Hazards, Vulnerability and Risks p. 86; 3. Socio-natural Disasters p. 86; 4. Risk Management p. 87; B. Case Study: Panabaj and Tz’anchaj – Reconstruction with Transformation p. 90; 1. Impacts of Tropical Storm Stan p. 90; 2. Key Challenges p. 90; 3. Reconstruction with Transformation p. 90; 4. Consequences of Tropical Storm Stan in Panabaj and Tz’anchaj p. 94;
5. Spontaneous Reaction of Communities to the Disaster p. 94; 6. Reaction of Institutions and Temporary Resettlement of Families p. 94; 7. An Initial, Inadequately Planned Resettlement Attempt p. 95; 8. Reorienting and Planning the Resettlement Process p. 95; 9. Articulation of the Reconstruction Plan with the Land Planning Strategy p. 96; 10. Institutional Organization p. 97; 11. Participation of Traditional Communities, Authorities and Organizations p. 98; 12. Building Trust p. 99; 13. Selecting Resettlement Sites and Acquiring Land p. 99; 14. The Chuk Muk Resettlement: A Heritage Recovered p. 100; 15. Environmental Impact Study of the New Site p. 100; 16. Characteristics of the New Settlement p. 101; 17. Budget p. 102; 18. Resettlement Schedule p. 102; 19. Allocation and Titling of Houses p. 102; 20. Technical Training and Income Generation p. 102; 21. State of the Process p. 103; 22. Lessons Learned p. 103; References p. 105; Bibliography p. 106; Chapter 7: Comparative Analysis of the Case Studies. Sergio Iván Carmona, Elena Correa. 1. Urbanization, Risk and Vulnerability p. 107; 2. Disaster Risk Management p. 108; 3. Resettlement as a Disaster Prevention Measure p. 108; 4. Resettlement as a Multidimensional Process p. 109; 5. Resettlement Planning p. 110; 6. Housing Solutions p. 110; 7. Payment for Housing Solutions p. 111; 8. Legal Titles to the Houses p. 111; 9. Environmental Impact Study of the Resettlement p. 112; 10. The Transition from the Informal to the Formal Sector p. 112; 11. Restoration of Access to Social Services p. 112; 12. Restoration of Income p. 112; 13. Monitoring Risks and Contingency Plans p. 112; 14. Community Participation p. 113; 15. Sources of Financing p. 114; 16. Private Sector Participation p. 114; 17. Control of Reclaimed Areas p. 114; 18. Transparency and Accountability p. 115; 19. Documenting and Systematizing Experiences p. 115; Glossary p. 116; About the authors p. 120; Haris Sanahuja p. 120; Elena Correa p. 118; Rómulo Pérez p. 120; Ignacio Zelmeister p. 120; Ronaldo Marques Margini p. 121; Marilia Scombatti p. 121; Narzha Poveda Gómez p. 121; Eduardo Aguirre Cantero p. 121; Sergio Iván Carmona Maya p. 121
- Citation/Reference:
- Correa, E. (ed). (2011). Preventive resettlement of populations at risk of disaster: experiences from Latin America. The World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction (GFDRR).
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