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|a Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development |h [electronic resource] |b challenges and experience in the Philippines |y English. |
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|a Geneva, Switzerland : |b ProVention Consortium, |c 2009-03. |
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|a Any part of this publicationmay be cited, copied, translated into other languages or adapted tomeet local needs without prior permission
from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies / the ProVention Consortium, provided that the source is
clearly stated. |
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|a Benson, C. (2009). Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development: challenges and experience in the Philippines. Provention Consortium, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). |
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|a General Disaster Risk Reduction |
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|a Acronyms and abbreviations p. 3; Acknowledgments p. 5; Preface p. 6; Executive summary p. 7; 1. Introduction p. 13; 1.1 The case for mainstreaming p. 13; 1.2 Objective of this paper p. 13; 1.3 Disaster risk in the Philippines p. 14; 2. Initial steps in mainstreaming: awareness-raising p. 16; 2.1 Hazard mapping and physical exposure p. 16; 2.2 Disaster loss data p. 17; 2.3 Socio-economic impact of disasters p. 18; 2.3.1 Macroeconomic impacts p. 18; 2.3.2 Household and community impacts p. 19; 2.4 Appreciation of the scope for enhanced resilience p. 19; 2.5 Accountability p. 20; 2.6 Political champions p. 21; 3. Initial steps in mainstreaming: establishing an enabling environment p. 23; 3.1 Legislation p. 23; 3.2 Disaster risk management strategy p. 27; 3.3 Institutional arrangements and capacity for disaster risk management p. 30; 3.3.1 National government p. 30; 3.3.2 Local government p. 31; 3.4 Integration of disaster risk reduction into national and local government development planning p. 32; 3.4.1 National Physical Framework Plan p. 33; 3.4.2 National development plans p. 33; 3.4.3 Local planning p. 35; 3.5 Intra-government horizontal and vertical integration p. 38; 3.6 Budgetary considerations p. 40; 3.7 Project appraisal p. 43; 3.8 Beyond platitudes: setting disaster risk reduction goals and related indicators p. 45; 4. Conclusions and recommendations p. 46; 4.1 Awareness-raising p. 47; 4.2 Establishment of an enabling environment p. 48; References p. 53; Figures: Figure 1 Steps to mainstreaming p. 14; Boxes: Box A Summary recommendations on integrating disaster risk reduction into development in the Philippines p. 11; Box 1 Albay provincial government p. 21; Box 2 Proposed reforms to the broad disaster risk management framework in the Philippines p. 24; Box 3 Proposed piecemeal disaster risk management-related legislation p. 25; Box 4 Pending land-use legislation p. 27; Box 5 Summary recommendations on integrating disaster risk reduction into development in the Philippines p. 46; Box 6 Mainstreaming gender concerns into development: the Philippines’ experience p. 50; Box 7 Climate change adaptation p. 52; Tables: Table 1 Average annual disaster losses by hazard type in the Philippines, 1990–2006 p. 15 |
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|a This is a case study of the obstacles to incorporating disaster risk reduction (DRR) into the development thinking of the Filipino government and society. It involves identifying natural hazard risks, and factoring these into development strategies, budgets, project designs, and their evaluation. Risk reduction thus becomes part of the development process rather than distinct from it. The Philippines is an ideal case because of its status as a developing nation and its vulnerability to a multitude of natural hazards that have negated its development gains. Between 1990 and 2006, the country accrued an annual average of $370 million in damages, equal to about .5% of its GDP. Losses in terms of infrastructure and agriculture have a number of spillover effects: reduced economic output, loss of jobs and potential earnings, fiscal shortages, increased indebtedness, and the expansion of poverty. This has prompted the Philippines to formally commit to mainstreaming DRR into development, which its political decentralization should theoretically facilitate. The document focuses on two components of the mainstreaming process: (1) awareness-raising; and (2) the establishment of an enabling environment. Awareness-raising requires mapping of vulnerabilities and establishment of accountability for disaster-related losses. While technical agencies exist in the Philippines to carry out these tasks, often problems of information sharing emerge, resulting in exorbitant prices for such data. There is also much overlap in mapping, and therefore conflict and confusion as to accuracy. The need for comprehensive vulnerability mapping still remains. Establishing an enabling environment requires legislation focused not only on preparedness and response, but also identifies and reduces risk. Rather than proactive legislation, disaster policy in the country remains reactive. Land-use policies and building codes exist, but are not enforced. Though there is a national Disaster Risk Management Strategy, there is no practical framework into which agencies and local governments can integrate themselves. Where institutions such as Disaster Coordinating Councils exist, their functioning is ad hoc, thus reflecting the overall reactive nature of disaster policy. There has also been an overall failure to understand disaster risk as an obstacle to achieving development goals. That budget allocations are directed mainly at post-disaster efforts reflects this overall orientation. |
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|a Electronic reproduction. |c Florida International University, |d 2013. |f (dpSobek) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software. |
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|a Risk management. |z Philippines. |
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|a Emergency management |z Philippines. |
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|a Disaster Risk Reduction Program, Florida International University (DRR/FIU), |e summary contributor. |
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|u http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI13010904/00001 |y Click here for full text |
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|a http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/13/01/09/04/00001/FI13010904thm.jpg |
