|
|
- Permanent Link:
- http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI13010903/00001
Notes
- Summary:
- This document examines the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness, particularly as it is used within the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center’s (ADPC) emergency communication systems. It is intended to increase awareness of ICT tools, serving as a guide to policy makers, disaster management practitioners, and media personnel on how best to use ICT tools to deal with potential disasters. The document begins by looking at the function that ICT plays in various phases of disaster management. While ICT has mostly been incorporated into disaster warning systems, technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) can help policymakers determine areas of high risk, where potentially affected populations are located, and provide other kinds of information relevant for mitigation efforts. The document then looks at important stakeholders involved in the effective functioning of a disaster warning system. Highest priority is given to vulnerable communities as the focal point of a people-centered system. It is a community’s input in designing the system and ability to act when warned that inevitably determines the success of preparedness measures. The next section looks at different mediums through which warnings are disseminated, their effectiveness, as well potential downfalls. ICT includes both traditional media such as radio and television, as well as new media, which include cellular, Internet, and satellite radio. The author moves on to discuss GIS and remote sensing, particularly the importance of establishing databases with computer-generated maps that provide immediate access to centralized information critical for an adequate response to an emergency situation. These maps are also useful because they are interactive and thus can incorporate various forms of data as well as changing information. In the final sections, case studies of the Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) for South-East Asia are presented. The document concludes that while ICT can play a major role in risk assessments and vulnerability reduction initiatives, it must not be viewed as an all-encompassing means to address all facets of disaster risk. It is simply a set of tools to be used in conjunction with other tools to be truly effective. Also, the use of ICT must not be about choosing between competing technologies but about finding the best combination of mediums based on particular contexts. This means working with the vulnerable communities in determining their needs and capacities. ( English,,English,, )
- Subject:
- General Risk Management
- Scope and Content:
- List of acronyms p.V; Foreword p.VI; Introduction p. 1; Disaster Management p. 5; ICT for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness p. 6; Key Players in Disaster Warning p. 8; Channels Used for Disaster Warning p. 9; Radio and Television p. 9; Telephone (Fixed and Mobile) p. 10; Short Message Service p. 11; Cell Broadcasting p. 11; Satellite Radio p. 12; Internet/Email p. 13; Amateur and Community Radio p. 15; Sirens p. 15; GIS and Remote Sensing in Disaster Management p. 16; Planning p. 17; Mitigation p. 18; Preparedness p. 18; Case Study:The Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) for South-East Asia p. 18; ICT for Disaster Response p. 22; Case Study 1: Sahana Disaster Management System in the Aftermath of the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and Pakistani Earthquake in 2005 p. 22; Example 1: Tracing Missing Persons p. 23; Example 2: Coordinating Donor Groups p. 23; Example 3: Recording the Locations of Temporary Camps and Shelters p. 23; Case Study 2:Use of Internet in the Aftermath of the 1999 Earthquake in Turkey p. 23; Case Study 3: UNOSAT’S Role in Disaster Response During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami p. 24; ICT for Disaster Recovery p. 27; Specific Disaster Management Software p. 27; Case Study 1: Latin America p. 28; Case Study 2: Orissa, India p. 28; Case Study 3: South Africa p. 28; Other Software p. 28; Groove, http://www.groove.net p. 29; Voxiva, http://www.voxiva.net p. 29; FACTS p. 29; Disaster Information Networks p. 30; UNDP’s Tsunami Resources and Results Tracking System p. 30; India Disaster Resource Network p. 30; GIS in Disaster Recovery p. 31; Immediate Aftermath p. 31; Long Term p. 31; Conclusion p. 32; References p. 34; Annex: Global and Regional organizations working in disaster management p. 37; Acknowledgements p. 45; About the Author p. 47; List of Tables: Table 1: Comparison of Damage Caused by Three Recent Disasters p. 7; Table 2: Radio Communication Media Used in Disaster Warning and Management p. 12; Table 3: Comparison of Different Communication Channels Used in Disaster Warning p. 16; List of Figures: Figure 1: Contribution of Disaster Management Efforts to MDG Achievement p. 2; Figure 2: Number of Disasters by Origin: Regional Distribution, 1995–2004 p. 2; Figure 3: Regional Distribution of Disasters: By Triggering Hazards, 1995–2004 p. 3; Figure 4: Large-Impact Disasters over the Last 30 Years p. 4; Figure 5: The Disaster Management Cycle p. 5; Figure 6: Difference Between an Ordinary (2D) Map and a Map with GIS Input p. 17; Figure 7: Implementation Plan of the Tsunami Early Warning System p. 19; Figure 8: AlertNet Website p. 21; List of Boxes: Box 1: UNDP Supports Radio Programme to Reduce Tsunami Trauma p. 10; Box 2: Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) p. 13; Box 3: The Role of Media in Disaster Warning: Reuters AlertNet p. 20; Box 4: Sarvodaya.org in the Aftermath of the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 p. 25; Box 5: Blogs and Tsunami Response p. 26
- Citation/Reference:
- Wattegama, C. (2007). ICT for Disaster Management. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme (UN APCICT).
Record Information
- Source Institution:
- Florida International University
- Rights Management:
- This publication is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. For full details of the license, please refer to the following: http://creative-commons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
- Resource Identifier:
- FI13010903
978-974-8283-94-4 ( isbn )
303579239 ( oclc )
|
|
