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- Permanent Link:
- http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FIGW000019/00001
Notes
- Abstract:
- The Rwanda Integrated Water Security Program (RIWSP) is a USAID-funded five-year initiative implemented by a consortium of six institutions led by Florida International University (FIU) that includes, CARE International, World Vision, WINROCK International, UNESCO-IHE and International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management (ICIWaRM). RIWSP, which is Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) driven, has at its core the objective of supporting communities in vulnerable areas to adapt to the impact of climate change, taking into account their vulnerabilities and building on their capacities. The components of the RIWSP are designed to support various initiatives in water, agriculture, sanitation, and livelihoods, as they pertain to the needs of the communities.
Within the scope of the RIWSP, CARE International contracted Boundless Consultant Ltd to conduct an analysis on the sanitation market in sectors of Mwiri, Rwinkwavu and Kabare in Kayonza District and the Kiziguro and Rwimbogo sectors in Gatsibo District, all of which are within the Kamababa watershed. The aim of this study was to perform an exploratory assessment of household sanitation preferences, in terms of products and related services such as pit emptying and human waste disposal. The investigation included a supply chain analysis of sanitation products and services materials used in latrine building, pit emptying and waste disposal within the area.
This document summarizes the finding of this undertaking. It provides information on the current sanitation situation at household level, types of latrines used, and the situation with regard to pit emptying services and waste disposal. The report also looks into household latrine preferences and motivation to invest in improved sanitation services. It also provides information on the socioeconomic status of households as well as gender aspects and community willingness and capacity to pay for improved latrines. The document proposes latrine technologies that were chosen by the representatives of the community as part of the study. An estimated market size for these models is proposed as is a supply chain to improve access to sanitation products in the study area. The document concludes with a series of recommendations for RIWSP and the government in order to operationalise sanitation marketing in the Kamababa watershed.
The investigation revealed that the sanitation status in the study area is generally poor with 91% of the population using unimproved latrines while 3% of households (HH) practice open defecation. No pit emptying or human waste disposal service is operating in the districts. In general, the households have a poor understanding of national standards and laws regarding sanitation and communication around improved sanitation is quite non-existent. Supply chains that currently deliver the services and materials needed to improve household level sanitation are informal and underdeveloped. Despite these challenges, the communities express willingness to improve their latrines within the limits of the small income they have. The Ecosan model was the latrine technology preferred by households mainly because of the benefits of turning feces into organic fertilizer. Households are often able and willing to provide some of the raw materials and unskilled labor for latrine construction which would reduce up-front construction costs.
A series of recommendations is provided at the end of the report addressing the issue of capacity
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building and suggesting links in the supply chain of critical actors which includes involvement of RIWSP Program as well as authorities at central and local levels. Capacity building of local trainers at community level is pivotal in availing skills at local level to ensure dissemination of basic skills and knowledge at community level. The recruitment and training of local masons and entrepreneurs on different topics would help to ensure improved latrine quality and more viable businesses. Business development needs to focus on latrine and hygiene products, pit emptying and waste reuse for entrepreneurs and latrine construction for masons. Different ways of promoting sanitation knowledge and products are suggested, related to the mobilization of community members by trained community representatives and cost sharing suggestions are proposed to ensure the financial viability of the plans to transform the sanitation conditions.
The study’s principle sources of information were members of Voluntary Saving and Loan Associations (VSLAs) and other key informants with direct or indirect links to sanitation services and policies in these districts. The mixed-method methodology included a desk review of relevant documents, household surveys, key Informant Interviews, observation and focus group discussions.
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